Throughout history, the descendants of President Garfield spoke proudly about his impressive career but avoided talking about his violent end. We were aware what had happened, that he was assassinated in a transportation hub,” reflects one of his family members. “We studied the story in historical accounts but, somehow, we just passed over it quickly.”
This changed in 2011 with the issuing of Destiny of the Republic, which generated attention in Garfield's unfinished life. The publication has now led to a television production titled the historical drama, starring a talented performer as the president and his co-star as the unstable individual who shot him.
The series seeks to shine a light on Garfield, who rose from poverty to the presidency during the historical period only to become a casualty to its deep political rifts. His time in office was cut short after only 200 days not only by the assassin's bullet but by physician mistakes – an tragedy now largely forgotten while the assassinations of President Lincoln and President Kennedy continue to captivate the public.
“You can't help but be proud what he did. He was a true polymath: he was a legal professional, he was a preacher, he was a land worker. He was so many things which also shaped who he was and his approach and all the information about him the descendants preserve with us.”
Garfield was the final national leader coming from pioneer roots in Ohio in 1831. His dad perished when he was very young, leaving his mom, Eliza, to support a large family in difficult circumstances. An voracious learner, Garfield found employment on vessels to make funds for an education.
He pursued jurisprudence, was became a preacher, became president of Hiram College in Ohio and was a government official. In 1858 he wed a educational contemporary, Lucretia Rudolph, with whom he would have multiple offspring. An ardent Unionist, Garfield viewed the civil war as a moral battle against slavery and advanced to the rank of major general.
“As I studied his life, I was astonished. He was remarkably smart. He was extremely courageous. He was ahead of his time for the time. He was kind. He was a decent human being and would have been a remarkable commander-in-chief had he survived.”
Garfield was persuaded by President Lincoln to resign his military commission when he was elected to the House of Representatives, where he would function as a political representative for multiple terms. He was dedicated proponent of black suffrage, viewing it as a issue of rights and the fulfillment of a wartime covenant.
“The address he delivered on the legislative arena will affect you emotionally. He was an impressive communicator and this topic was extremely significant to him.”
At the political assembly in Chicago the faction was fundamentally fractured between the “Stalwarts”, led by a powerful politician, who supported a continued leadership for Ulysses S Grant, and the “Half-Breeds”, who supported another candidate. Garfield attended as a supporter of his close associate John Sherman.
When the huge assembly was deadlocked between Grant and Blaine, party members began looking for a middle ground. Garfield's impassioned speech nominating Sherman won them over. During the speech, he reportedly exclaimed, “And now, gentlemen of the convention, what do we want?” to which a attendee unexpectedly replied, “We want Garfield!”
On the extended selection process, a rush of supporters made Garfield the unexpected candidate. To appease the Stalwart faction, the vice presidential pick, a faction member from New York, was chosen as his second in command. In the general election Garfield defeated the opposing candidate to become the only sitting member of the House ever to be selected for the highest office.
“Garfield's potential greatness and what is extremely rare and maybe unique to the American presidency is he wasn't seeking the position. It's not that he had entirely ignored the possibility but he was thrust into it.”
The central struggle of Garfield's limited administration was his clash with Conkling over the “political favors”. Conkling demanded control over government appointments in New York, particularly the prestigious role of port authority. Garfield rejected, stating the issue was “whether the president is registering clerk of the senate or the presidential authority”. He nominated a political foe of Conkling to the post.
The conflict turned into a public battle but Garfield outsmarted Conkling in the Senate. Experiencing a public failure, Conkling and his colleague quit Congress in protest. The next day, Garfield's selection was confirmed. It was a significant win for the presidential control over the faction system and for the improvement efforts over “political control”.
But even as Garfield battled the titans of his party, he was being followed by a mentally unstable individual who exemplified the negative aspect of the patronage system. The assassin was a unstable individual with a background of career disappointments, psychological problems and childhood trauma. He had been unsuccessful as a attorney, debt recovery agent, preacher and member of a unconventional group.
“He was mentally ill and his particular brand of madness was false belief. He always believed that God had chosen him for importance. He actually had more privileged beginning than Garfield but where Garfield succeeded and advanced, Guiteau could not accomplish anything.”
But Guiteau believed he had at last discovered a pathway to success: politics. Carried away in the drama of the political contest, he wrote and delivered an minor oration, and became persuaded internally that he was single-handedly responsible for Garfield's victory.
Under this thinking, Guiteau determined he had deserved a important role. He went to the capital and continuously bothered Garfield, Blaine and other officials, insisting to be made the diplomatic representative — a post for which he had inadequate skills. He became such a annoyance that he was eventually prohibited from the White House.
On 2 July 1881, just a short time into his presidency, Garfield was departing the capital for his college reunion. As he passed through the train depot, Guiteau stepped from the shadows, withdrew an weapon from his jacket and assassinated the leader in the back.
Garfield exclaimed: “My God, what is this?” and collapsed on the station floor. When a {police officer|law